D005128C11Eye DiseasesZiekte, oog-blaD001248C11.093AsthenopiaAsthenopieTerm generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.D003229C11.187Conjunctival DiseasesZiekte, conjunctiva-blaD003230C11.187.169Conjunctival NeoplasmsGezwel, conjunctiva-Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.D003231C11.187.183ConjunctivitisConjunctivitisblaD003233C11.187.183.200Conjunctivitis, AllergicConjunctivitis, allergischeConjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.D003234C11.187.183.220Conjunctivitis, BacterialConjunctivitis, bacteriëlePurulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.D003235C11.187.183.220.250Conjunctivitis, InclusionConjunctivitis, inclusion-An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYD009878C11.187.183.220.538Ophthalmia NeonatorumOphthalmia neonatorumAcute conjunctival inflammation in the newborn, usually caused by maternal gonococcal infection. The causative agent is NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE. The baby's eyes are contaminated during passage through the birth canal.D014141C11.187.183.220.889TrachomaTrachoomA chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.D003236C11.187.183.240Conjunctivitis, ViralConjunctivitis, viraleInflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.D003232C11.187.183.240.216Conjunctivitis, Acute HemorrhagicConjunctivitis, acute hemorragischeA highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. Epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Enterovirus 70 (EV-70) was first described in Africa in 1969. It is cauD007637C11.187.183.394KeratoconjunctivitisConjunctivitis, kerato-Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.D007639C11.187.183.394.520Keratoconjunctivitis, InfectiousConjunctivitis, infectieuze kerato-Infectious diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, characterized by blepharospasm, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration. In cattle the causative agent is MORAXELLA (MORAXELLA) BOVIS; in sheep, MYCOPLASMA; RICKETD007638C11.187.183.394.550Keratoconjunctivitis SiccaKeratoconjunctivitis siccaDrying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.D012058C11.187.183.749Reiter DiseaseReiter, ziekte vanA triad of nongonococcal urethritis followed by conjunctivitis and arthritis, of unknown etiology.D011625C11.187.781PterygiumPterygiumAn abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjuncD014985C11.187.810XerophthalmiaXeroftalmieDryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions. It may be associated with vitamin A deficiency, trauma, or any condition in which the eyelids do not close completely.D003316C11.204Corneal DiseasesZiekte, cornea-Diseases of the cornea.D003317C11.204.236Corneal Dystrophies, HereditaryDystrofie, cornea-, hereditaireBilateral hereditary disorders of the cornea, usually autosomal dominant, which may be present at birth but more frequently develop during adolescence and progress slowly throughout life. Central macular dystrophy is transmitted as an autosomal recessive D005642C11.204.236.438Fuchs' Endothelial DystrophyDystrofie, endotheliale Fuchs-Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain.D015715C11.204.267Corneal EdemaOedeem, cornea-An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.D016510C11.204.290Corneal NeovascularizationNeovascularisatie, cornea-New blood vessels originating from the corneal veins and extending from the limbus into the adjacent corneal stroma. These vessels may lie in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma. Neovascularization is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of tD003318C11.204.299Corneal OpacityTroebeling, cornea-Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.D001112C11.204.299.070Arcus SenilisArcus senilisA corneal disease in which there is a deposition of phospholipid and cholesterol in the corneal stroma and anterior sclera.D007634C11.204.564KeratitisKeratitisInflammation of the cornea.D015823C11.204.564.112Acanthamoeba KeratitisKeratitis, acanthamoeben-Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.D003320C11.204.564.225Corneal UlcerUlcus corneaeLoss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.D016849C11.204.564.425Keratitis, HerpeticKeratitis herpeticaA superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)D007635C11.204.564.425.450Keratitis, DendriticKeratitis dendriticaA form of herpetic keratitis characterized by the formation of small vesicles which break down and coalesce to form recurring dendritic ulcers, characteristically irregular, linear, branching, and ending in knoblike extremities. (Dictionary of Visual ScieD007637C11.204.564.585KeratoconjunctivitisConjunctivitis, kerato-Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.D007639C11.204.564.585.500Keratoconjunctivitis, InfectiousConjunctivitis, infectieuze kerato-Infectious diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, characterized by blepharospasm, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration. In cattle the causative agent is MORAXELLA (MORAXELLA) BOVIS; in sheep, MYCOPLASMA; RICKETD007638C11.204.564.585.630Keratoconjunctivitis SiccaKeratoconjunctivitis siccaDrying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.D007640C11.204.627KeratoconusKeratoconusA noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone sD014141C11.204.813TrachomaTrachoomA chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.D005124C11.250Eye AbnormalitiesAfwijking, oog-Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.D015783C11.250.060AniridiaAniridieA congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant.D017624C11.250.060.950WAGR SyndromeSyndroom, WAGR-A contiguous gene syndrome associated with hemizygous deletions of chromosome region 11p13. The condition is marked by the combination of Wilms' tumor (W), ANIRIDIA (A), genitourinary abnormalities (G), and MENTAL RETARDATION (R).D000853C11.250.080AnophthalmosOftalmie, an-Congenital absence of the eye or eyes.D016569C11.250.090BlepharophimosisBlefarofimoseThe abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction caused by the lateral displacement of the medial canthi of the eyelids. (Dorland, 27th ed)D003103C11.250.110ColobomaColoboomCongenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of the fetal intraocular fissure during gestation.D004479C11.250.300Ectopia LentisEctopia lentisCongenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.D006871C11.250.480HydrophthalmosHydroftalmieCongenital open-angle glaucoma that results from dysgenesis of the angle structures accompanied by increased intraocular pressure and enlargement of the eye. Treatment is both medical and surgical.D008850C11.250.566MicrophthalmosMicroftalmieCongenital or developmental anomaly in which the eyeballs are abnormally small.D015792C11.250.666Retinal DysplasiaDysplasie, retina-Congenital, often bilateral, retinal abnormality characterized by the arrangement of outer nuclear retinal cells in a palisading or radiating pattern surrounding a central ocular space. This disorder is sometimes hereditary.D015785C11.270Eye Diseases, HereditaryZiekte, hereditaire oog-Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.D000417C11.270.040AlbinismAlbinismeGeneral term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.D016117C11.270.040.090Albinism, OcularAlbinisme, oculairAlbinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is X-linked (Nettleship-Falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of theD016115C11.270.040.545Albinism, OculocutaneousAlbinisme, oculocutaanHeterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative tD022861C11.270.040.545.400Hermanski-Pudlak SyndromeHermanski-Pudlak-syndroomSyndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS); PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.D015783C11.270.060AniridiaAniridieA congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant.D017624C11.270.060.950WAGR SyndromeSyndroom, WAGR-A contiguous gene syndrome associated with hemizygous deletions of chromosome region 11p13. The condition is marked by the combination of Wilms' tumor (W), ANIRIDIA (A), genitourinary abnormalities (G), and MENTAL RETARDATION (R).D015794C11.270.142ChoroideremiaChoroïderemieAn X chromosome-linked abnormality characterized by atrophy of the choroid and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium causing night blindness.D003317C11.270.162Corneal Dystrophies, HereditaryDystrofie, cornea-, hereditaireBilateral hereditary disorders of the cornea, usually autosomal dominant, which may be present at birth but more frequently develop during adolescence and progress slowly throughout life. Central macular dystrophy is transmitted as an autosomal recessive D005642C11.270.162.438Fuchs' Endothelial DystrophyDystrofie, endotheliale Fuchs-Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain.D004370C11.270.235Duane Retraction SyndromeSyndroom, Duane-A syndrome characterized by marked limitation of abduction of the eye, variable limitation of adduction and retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateD015799C11.270.468Gyrate AtrophyAtrophia gyrataProgressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.D015418C11.270.564Optic Atrophies, HereditaryAtrofie, hereditaire nervus-opticus-Hereditary conditions that feature progressive visual loss in association with optic atrophy. Relatively common forms include autosomal dominant optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT) and Leber hereditary optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, HEREDITARD029242C11.270.564.400Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, LeberOpticusatrofie van Leber, hereditaireA maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polD029241C11.270.564.500Optic Atrophy, Autosomal DominantOpticusatrofie, autosomaal dominanteDominant optic atrophy is a hereditary optic neuropathy causing decreased visual acuity, color vision deficits, a centrocecal scotoma, and optic nerve pallor (Hum. Genet. 1998; 102: 79-86). Mutations leading to this condition have been mapped to the OPA1 D014929C11.270.564.980Wolfram SyndromeSyndroom, Wolfram-An hereditary association of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS.D015792C11.270.660Retinal DysplasiaDysplasie, retina-Congenital, often bilateral, retinal abnormality characterized by the arrangement of outer nuclear retinal cells in a palisading or radiating pattern surrounding a central ocular space. This disorder is sometimes hereditary.D012174C11.270.684Retinitis PigmentosaRetinitis pigmentosaHereditary, progressive degeneration of the neuroepithelium of the retina characterized by night blindness and progressive contraction of the visual field.D005130C11.290Eye HemorrhageBloeding, oog-Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.D002832C11.290.195Choroid HemorrhageBloeding, choroid-Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.D006988C11.290.484HyphemaHyphaemaBleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.D012166C11.290.807Retinal HemorrhageRetinabloedingBleeding from the vessels of the retina.D014823C11.290.960Vitreous HemorrhageBloeding, glasvocht-Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.D015817C11.294Eye InfectionsInfectie, oog-Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.D003320C11.294.177Corneal UlcerUlcus corneaeLoss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.D015818C11.294.354Eye Infections, BacterialInfectie, bacteriële oog-Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.D003234C11.294.354.220Conjunctivitis, BacterialConjunctivitis, bacteriëlePurulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.D003235C11.294.354.220.250Conjunctivitis, InclusionConjunctivitis, inclusion-An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYD009878C11.294.354.220.625Ophthalmia NeonatorumOphthalmia neonatorumAcute conjunctival inflammation in the newborn, usually caused by maternal gonococcal infection. The causative agent is NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE. The baby's eyes are contaminated during passage through the birth canal.D014141C11.294.354.220.800TrachomaTrachoomA chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.D006726C11.294.354.400HordeolumHordeolumPurulent infection of one of the sebaceous glands of Zeis along the eyelid margin (external) or of the meibomian gland on the conjunctival side of the eyelid (internal).D007639C11.294.354.450Keratoconjunctivitis, InfectiousConjunctivitis, infectieuze kerato-Infectious diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, characterized by blepharospasm, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration. In cattle the causative agent is MORAXELLA (MORAXELLA) BOVIS; in sheep, MYCOPLASMA; RICKETD014392C11.294.354.800Tuberculosis, OcularTuberculose, oculaireTuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.D015829C11.294.354.900Uveitis, SuppurativeUveitis, suppuratieveIntraocular infection caused mainly by pus-producing bacteria and rarely by fungi. The infection may be caused by an injury or surgical wound (exogenous) or by endogenous septic emboli in such diseases as bacterial endocarditis or meningococcemia.D009877C11.294.354.900.350EndophthalmitisEndoftalmitisSuppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye; not all layers of the uvea are affected. Fungi, necrosis of intraocular tumors, and retained intraocular foreign bodies often cause a purulent endophthalmitis.D010202C11.294.354.900.675PanophthalmitisOftalmie, pan-Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.D015821C11.294.450Eye Infections, FungalInfectie, mycotische oog-Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direcD015829C11.294.450.900Uveitis, SuppurativeUveitis, suppuratieveIntraocular infection caused mainly by pus-producing bacteria and rarely by fungi. The infection may be caused by an injury or surgical wound (exogenous) or by endogenous septic emboli in such diseases as bacterial endocarditis or meningococcemia.D009877C11.294.450.900.350EndophthalmitisEndoftalmitisSuppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye; not all layers of the uvea are affected. Fungi, necrosis of intraocular tumors, and retained intraocular foreign bodies often cause a purulent endophthalmitis.D010202C11.294.450.900.675PanophthalmitisOftalmie, pan-Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.D015822C11.294.725Eye Infections, ParasiticInfectie, parasitaire oog-Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.D015823C11.294.725.125Acanthamoeba KeratitisKeratitis, acanthamoeben-Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.D015827C11.294.725.562Onchocerciasis, OcularOnchocerciasis, oculaireFilarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persoD014126C11.294.725.781Toxoplasmosis, OcularToxoplasmose, oculaireInfection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toD015828C11.294.800Eye Infections, ViralInfectie, virale oog-Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are HerpD003236C11.294.800.250Conjunctivitis, ViralConjunctivitis, viraleInflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.D003232C11.294.800.250.250Conjunctivitis, Acute HemorrhagicConjunctivitis, acute hemorragischeA highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. Epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Enterovirus 70 (EV-70) was first described in Africa in 1969. It is cauD017726C11.294.800.270Cytomegalovirus RetinitisRetinitis, cytomegalovirus-Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness.D006563C11.294.800.450Herpes Zoster OphthalmicusHerpes zoster ophthalmicusVirus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerveD016849C11.294.800.475Keratitis, HerpeticKeratitis herpeticaA superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)D007635C11.294.800.475.450Keratitis, DendriticKeratitis dendriticaA form of herpetic keratitis characterized by the formation of small vesicles which break down and coalesce to form recurring dendritic ulcers, characteristically irregular, linear, branching, and ending in knoblike extremities. (Dictionary of Visual ScieD005132C11.300Eye ManifestationsManifestatie, oog-Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.D005134C11.319Eye NeoplasmsGezwel, oog-Tumors or cancer of the EYE.D003230C11.319.217Conjunctival NeoplasmsGezwel, conjunctiva-Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.D005142C11.319.421Eyelid NeoplasmsTumor, ooglid-Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.D009918C11.319.457Orbital NeoplasmsTumor, orbita-Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.D019572C11.319.475Retinal NeoplasmsTumor, retina-Tumors or cancer of the RETINA.D012175C11.319.475.760RetinoblastomaBlastoom, retino-A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition mD014604C11.319.494Uveal NeoplasmsTumor, uvea-Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.D002830C11.319.494.198Choroid NeoplasmsTumor, choroid-Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).D015811C11.319.494.400Iris NeoplasmsGezwel, iris-Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris D005141C11.338Eyelid DiseasesZiekte, ooglid-blaD001762C11.338.133BlepharitisBlefaritisInflammation of the eyelids.D016569C11.338.190BlepharophimosisBlefarofimoseThe abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction caused by the lateral displacement of the medial canthi of the eyelids. (Dorland, 27th ed)D001763C11.338.204BlepharoptosisPtose, blefaro-Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.D001764C11.338.250BlepharospasmSpasme, blefaro-Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.D017043C11.338.300ChalazionChalazionA non-neoplastic cyst of the MEIBOMIAN GLANDS of the eyelid.D004483C11.338.362EctropionEctropionThe turning outward (eversion) of the edge of the eyelid, resulting in the exposure of the palpebral conjunctiva. (Dorland, 27th ed)D004774C11.338.443EntropionEntropionThe turning inward (inversion) of the edge of the eyelid, with the tarsal cartilage turned inward toward the eyeball. (Dorland, 27th ed)D005142C11.338.526Eyelid NeoplasmsTumor, ooglid-Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.D006726C11.338.648HordeolumHordeolumPurulent infection of one of the sebaceous glands of Zeis along the eyelid margin (external) or of the meibomian gland on the conjunctival side of the eyelid (internal).D007766C11.496Lacrimal Apparatus DiseasesZiekte, traanapparaat-Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus.D003607C11.496.221DacryocystitisDacryocystitisInflammation of the lacrimal sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)D015352C11.496.260Dry Eye SyndromesSyndroom, droogoog-Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presenD007638C11.496.260.394Keratoconjunctivitis SiccaKeratoconjunctivitis siccaDrying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.D012859C11.496.260.719Sjogren's SyndromeSyndroom, Sicca-Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, invD014985C11.496.260.892XerophthalmiaXeroftalmieDryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions. It may be associated with vitamin A deficiency, trauma, or any condition in which the eyelids do not close completely.D007767C11.496.456Lacrimal Duct ObstructionObstructie, traankanaal-Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal dD007905C11.510Lens DiseasesZiekte, ooglens-blaD001035C11.510.103AphakiaAfakieAbsence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after cataract extraction. Aphakia is mainly congenital or as result of LENS DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION.D001036C11.510.103.110Aphakia, PostcataractAfakie, postcataract-Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.D002386C11.510.245CataractCataractPartial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (DorlandD007906C11.510.598Lens SubluxationSubluxatie, lens-Incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil. In dislocation, or complete rupture, the lens is displaced forward into the anterior chamber or backward into the vitreous body. When congenital, this condition is known D004479C11.510.598.373Ectopia LentisEctopia lentisCongenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.D009798C11.525Ocular HypertensionHypertensie, oculaireA condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.D005901C11.525.381GlaucomaGlaucoomAn ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequenceD015812C11.525.381.056Glaucoma, Angle-ClosureGlaucoom, geslotenkamerhoek-A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.D015355C11.525.381.348Glaucoma, NeovascularGlaucoom, neovasculairA form of secondary glaucoma which develops as a consequence of another ocular disease and is attributed to the forming of new vessels in the angle of the anterior chamber.D005902C11.525.381.407Glaucoma, Open-AngleGlaucoom, openhoek-Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.D006871C11.525.381.407.480HydrophthalmosHydroftalmieCongenital open-angle glaucoma that results from dysgenesis of the angle structures accompanied by increased intraocular pressure and enlargement of the eye. Treatment is both medical and surgical.D015814C11.540Ocular HypotensionHypotensie, oculaireAbnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).D015835C11.590Ocular Motility DisordersStoornis, oogmotiliteits-Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) arD004370C11.590.224Duane Retraction SyndromeSyndroom, Duane-A syndrome characterized by marked limitation of abduction of the eye, variable limitation of adduction and retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateD019846C11.590.312Miller Fisher SyndromeSyndroom, Miller-Fisher-A variant of the GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME characterized by the acute onset of oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes with relative sparing of strength in the extremities and trunk. The ataxia is produced by peripheral sensory nervD009759C11.590.400Nystagmus, PathologicNystagmus, pathologischeInvoluntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular D020417C11.590.400.300Nystagmus, CongenitalNystagmus, congenitaleNystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with ALBINISM and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomD015840C11.590.436Oculomotor Nerve DiseasesZiekte, nervus-oculomotorius-Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete D000270C11.590.436.200Adie SyndromeSyndroom van AdieA syndrome characterized by a TONIC PUPIL that occurs in combination with decreased lower extremity reflexes. The affected pupil will respond more briskly to accommodation than to light (light-near dissociation) and is supersensitive to dilute pilocarpineD009886C11.590.472OphthalmoplegiaOftalmoplegieParalysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.D017246C11.590.472.250Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive ExternalOftalmoplegie, chronische progressieve externeA mitochondrial myopathy characterized by slowly progressive paralysis of the levator palpebrae, orbicularis oculi, and extraocular muscles. Ragged-red fibers and atrophy are found on muscle biopsy. Familial and sporadic forms may occur. Disease onset is D013494C11.590.472.500Supranuclear Palsy, ProgressiveOftalmoplegie, progressieve supranucleaireA degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and diseaseD017246C11.590.641Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive ExternalOftalmoplegie, chronische progressieve externeA mitochondrial myopathy characterized by slowly progressive paralysis of the levator palpebrae, orbicularis oculi, and extraocular muscles. Ragged-red fibers and atrophy are found on muscle biopsy. Familial and sporadic forms may occur. Disease onset is D007625C11.590.641.500Kearns SyndromeSyndroom, Kearns-A mitochondrial disorder featuring the triad of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy (with conduction block), and RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Disease onset is in the first or second decade. Elevated CSF protein, sensorineural deafness, sD013285C11.590.810StrabismusStrabismusMisalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixaD004948C11.590.810.400EsotropiaEsotropieA form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviatioD005099C11.590.810.440ExotropiaExotropieA form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatD020333C11.590.905Tolosa-Hunt SyndromeSyndroom, Tolosa-Hunt-An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)D009901C11.640Optic Nerve DiseasesZiekte, nervus-opticus-Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, D009896C11.640.451Optic AtrophyAtrofie, nervus-opticus-Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK, OPTIC NERVE, OPTIC CHIASM, and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA, ISCHEMD015418C11.640.451.451Optic Atrophies, HereditaryAtrofie, hereditaire nervus-opticus-Hereditary conditions that feature progressive visual loss in association with optic atrophy. Relatively common forms include autosomal dominant optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT) and Leber hereditary optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, HEREDITARD029242C11.640.451.451.400Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, LeberOpticusatrofie van Leber, hereditaireA maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polD029241C11.640.451.451.500Optic Atrophy, Autosomal DominantOpticusatrofie, autosomaal dominanteDominant optic atrophy is a hereditary optic neuropathy causing decreased visual acuity, color vision deficits, a centrocecal scotoma, and optic nerve pallor (Hum. Genet. 1998; 102: 79-86). Mutations leading to this condition have been mapped to the OPA1 D014929C11.640.451.451.980Wolfram SyndromeSyndroom, Wolfram-An hereditary association of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS.D015594C11.640.513Optic Disk DrusenDroesem, optischeschijf-Optic disk bodies composed primarily of acid mucopolysaccharides that may produce pseudopapilledema (elevation of the optic disk without associated INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION) and visual field deficits. Drusen may also occur in the retina (see RETINAL DRUSD020221C11.640.530Optic Nerve InjuriesLetsel, nervus-opticus-Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations maD019574C11.640.544Optic Nerve NeoplasmsGezwel, nervus-opticus-Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from the optic nerve or its sheath. OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA is the most common histologic type. Optic nerve neoplasms tend to cause unilateral visual loss and an afferent pupillary defect and may spread via neural pathD020339C11.640.544.500Optic Nerve GliomaGlioom, nervus-opticus-Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood. Roughly 50% are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. Clinical manifestations include decreased visual acuity; EXOPHTHALMOS; NYSTAGMUS; STRABISMUS; pallor or swelling D009902C11.640.576Optic NeuritisNeuritis opticaInflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of colorD009471C11.640.576.695Neuromyelitis OpticaNeuromyelitis opticaA syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS in combination with acute MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE. Demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions form in one or both optic nerves and in the spinal cord. The onset of optic neuritis and myelitis may be simultaneousD018917C11.640.643Optic Neuropathy, IschemicNeuropathie, ischemische opticus-Ischemic injury to the optic nerve which usually affects the optic disk (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blD010211C11.640.710PapilledemaOedeem, papil-Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPD009916C11.675Orbital DiseasesZiekte, orbita-Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.D015841C11.675.319EnophthalmosEnoftalmieRecession of the eyeball into the orbit.D005094C11.675.349ExophthalmosExophtalmusAbnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.D006111C11.675.349.500Graves' DiseaseZiekte van GravesHyperthyroidism associated with a diffuse hyperplastic goiter resulting from production of an antibody directed against the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor, which acts as an agonist of TSH. (Braverman, The Thyroid, 6th ed, p648)D016727C11.675.504Granuloma, Plasma Cell, OrbitalGranuloom, orbitaal plasmacel-A chronic neoplasm-like inflammatory reaction, usually affecting the orbital tissues of both eyes, also known as orbital myositis.D009918C11.675.659Orbital NeoplasmsTumor, orbita-Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.D019315C11.675.700Retrobulbar HemorrhageBloeding, retrobulbaireHemorrhage within the orbital cavity, posterior to the eyeball.D011681C11.710Pupil DisordersStoornis, pupil-Conditions which affect the structure or function of the pupil of the eye, including disorders of innervation to the pupillary constrictor or dilator muscles, and disorders of pupillary reflexes.D015875C11.710.090AnisocoriaAnisocorieUnequal pupil size, which may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestion of disease. Pathologic anisocoria reflects an abnormality in the musculature of the iris (IRIS DISEASES) or in the parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways that innervateD015877C11.710.528MiosisMiosePupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.D006732C11.710.528.500Horner SyndromeSyndroom, Horner-A syndrome associated with defective sympathetic innervation to one side of the face, including the eye. Clinical features include MIOSIS; mild BLEPHAROPTOSIS; and hemifacial ANHIDROSIS (decreased sweating)(see HYPOHIDROSIS). Lesions of the BRAIN STEM; ceD015878C11.710.570MydriasisMydriaseDilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDRD015845C11.710.800Tonic PupilPupillotonieA pupillary abnormality characterized by a poor pupillary light reaction, reduced accommodation, iris sector palsies, an enhanced pupillary response to near effort that results in a prolonged, "tonic" constriction, and slow pupillary redilation.D000270C11.710.800.180Adie SyndromeSyndroom van AdieA syndrome characterized by a TONIC PUPIL that occurs in combination with decreased lower extremity reflexes. The affected pupil will respond more briskly to accommodation than to light (light-near dissociation) and is supersensitive to dilute pilocarpineD012030C11.744Refractive ErrorsAfwijking, refractie-Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.D000839C11.744.116AniseikoniaAniseiconieA condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from that seen by the other.D015858C11.744.126AnisometropiaAnisometropieA condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.D001251C11.744.212AstigmatismAstigmatismeUnequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or sD006956C11.744.479HyperopiaHypermetropieA refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more D009216C11.744.636MyopiaMyopieA refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness because the near point is D011305C11.744.786PresbyopiaPresbyopieThe normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.D012164C11.768Retinal DiseasesZiekte, retina-blaD000793C11.768.094Angioid StreaksStrepen, angioïdeSmall breaks in the elastin-filled tissue of the retina.D003930C11.768.257Diabetic RetinopathyRetinopathie, diabetischeRetinopathy associated with diabetes mellitus, which may be of the background type, progressively characterized by microaneurysms, interretinal punctuate macular edema, or of the proliferative type, characterized by neovascularization of the retina and opD019773C11.768.328Epiretinal MembraneMembraan, epiretinaalA membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) retinal pigment epithelial cells. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the poD015356C11.768.400Retinal Artery OcclusionOcclusie, netvliesarterie-Occlusion or closure of the central retinal artery causing sudden, usually nearly complete, loss of vision in one eye. Occlusion of the branch retinal artery causes sudden visual loss in only a portion of the visual field.D012162C11.768.585Retinal DegenerationDegeneratie, retina-A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, OphD008268C11.768.585.439Macular DegenerationDegeneratie, macula-Degenerative changes in the macula lutea of the retina.D008269C11.768.585.439.245Macular Edema, CystoidOedeem, cystoïd macula-Macular degeneration characterized by edema and cystic spaces which may lead to a macular depression or hole.D015593C11.768.585.585Retinal DrusenDroesem, netvlies-Colloid or hyaline bodies lying beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. They may occur either secondary to changes in the choroid that affect the pigment epithelium or as an autosomal dominant disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium.D012174C11.768.585.731Retinitis PigmentosaRetinitis pigmentosaHereditary, progressive degeneration of the neuroepithelium of the retina characterized by night blindness and progressive contraction of the visual field.D007625C11.768.585.731.627Kearns SyndromeSyndroom, Kearns-A mitochondrial disorder featuring the triad of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy (with conduction block), and RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Disease onset is in the first or second decade. Elevated CSF protein, sensorineural deafness, sD012163C11.768.648Retinal DetachmentAblatio retinaeSeparation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataractD015792C11.768.660Retinal DysplasiaDysplasie, retina-Congenital, often bilateral, retinal abnormality characterized by the arrangement of outer nuclear retinal cells in a palisading or radiating pattern surrounding a central ocular space. This disorder is sometimes hereditary.D012166C11.768.710Retinal HemorrhageRetinabloedingBleeding from the vessels of the retina.D015861C11.768.725Retinal NeovascularizationNeovascularisatie, retinaleFormation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.D012167C11.768.740Retinal PerforationsRerforatie, retina-Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.D012170C11.768.760Retinal Vein OcclusionOcclusie, retina-ader-Occlusion of the retinal vein. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases.D012173C11.768.773RetinitisRetinitisInflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).D002825C11.768.773.348ChorioretinitisRetinitis, chorio-Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.D017726C11.768.773.360Cytomegalovirus RetinitisRetinitis, cytomegalovirus-Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness.D015882C11.768.773.674Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, AcuteSyndroom, acuut retinanecrose-Mild to fulminant necrotizing vaso-occlusive retinitis associated with a high incidence of retinal detachment and poor vision outcome.D012178C11.768.836Retinopathy of PrematurityRetinopathie bij prraematuritasA bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into D018630C11.768.890Vitreoretinopathy, ProliferativeVitreoretinopathie, proliferatieveVitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellularD015422C11.790Scleral DiseasesZiekte, sclera-General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.D015423C11.790.500ScleritisScleritisRefers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higherD014603C11.941Uveal DiseasesZiekte, uvea-Diseases of the uvea.D015862C11.941.160Choroid DiseasesZiekte, choroidea-Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.D002832C11.941.160.177Choroid HemorrhageBloeding, choroid-Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.D002830C11.941.160.238Choroid NeoplasmsTumor, choroid-Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).D020256C11.941.160.244Choroidal NeovascularizationNeovascularisatie, choroïd-A pathological process consisting of the formation of new blood vessels in the CHOROID.D015794C11.941.160.300ChoroideremiaChoroïderemieAn X chromosome-linked abnormality characterized by atrophy of the choroid and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium causing night blindness.D002833C11.941.160.478ChoroiditisChoroiditisInflammation of the choroid.D002825C11.941.160.478.400ChorioretinitisRetinitis, chorio-Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.D015868C11.941.160.478.700Pars PlanitisPars planitisForm of granulomatous uveitis occurring in the region of the pars plana. This disorder is a common condition with no detectable focal pathology. It causes fibrovascular proliferation at the inferior ora serrata.D015799C11.941.160.578Gyrate AtrophyAtrophia gyrataProgressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood.D007499C11.941.375Iris DiseasesZiekte, iris-Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.D015783C11.941.375.060AniridiaAniridieA congenital abnormality in which there is only a rudimentary iris. This is due to the failure of the optic cup to grow. Aniridia also occurs in a hereditary form, usually autosomal dominant.D017624C11.941.375.060.950WAGR SyndromeSyndroom, WAGR-A contiguous gene syndrome associated with hemizygous deletions of chromosome region 11p13. The condition is marked by the combination of Wilms' tumor (W), ANIRIDIA (A), genitourinary abnormalities (G), and MENTAL RETARDATION (R).D017889C11.941.375.285Exfoliation SyndromeSyndroom, exfoliatie-The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vesselD015863C11.941.375.360IridocyclitisIridocyclitisAcute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with viD015811C11.941.375.375Iris NeoplasmsGezwel, iris-Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris D007500C11.941.375.385IritisIritisInflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.D014604C11.941.855Uveal NeoplasmsTumor, uvea-Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.D002830C11.941.855.198Choroid NeoplasmsTumor, choroid-Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).D015811C11.941.855.400Iris NeoplasmsGezwel, iris-Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris D014605C11.941.879UveitisUveitisInflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)D015864C11.941.879.780PanuveitisPanuveitisInflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosD009879C11.941.879.780.500Ophthalmia, SympatheticOftalmie, sympathischeGranulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye.D014606C11.941.879.780.880Uveitis, AnteriorUveitis anteriorInflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posteriorD001528C11.941.879.780.880.200Behcet's SyndromeZiekte van BehçetRare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SyD015863C11.941.879.780.880.400IridocyclitisIridocyclitisAcute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with viD007500C11.941.879.780.880.448IritisIritisInflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.D015866C11.941.879.780.900Uveitis, PosteriorUveitis posteriorInflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.D002833C11.941.879.780.900.300ChoroiditisChoroiditisInflammation of the choroid.D002825C11.941.879.780.900.300.318ChorioretinitisRetinitis, chorio-Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.D015868C11.941.879.780.900.300.659Pars PlanitisPars planitisForm of granulomatous uveitis occurring in the region of the pars plana. This disorder is a common condition with no detectable focal pathology. It causes fibrovascular proliferation at the inferior ora serrata.D015867C11.941.879.900Uveitis, IntermediateUveitis, intermediaireInflammation of the pars plana, ciliary body, and adjacent structures.D015868C11.941.879.900.500Pars PlanitisPars planitisForm of granulomatous uveitis occurring in the region of the pars plana. This disorder is a common condition with no detectable focal pathology. It causes fibrovascular proliferation at the inferior ora serrata.D015829C11.941.879.960Uveitis, SuppurativeUveitis, suppuratieveIntraocular infection caused mainly by pus-producing bacteria and rarely by fungi. The infection may be caused by an injury or surgical wound (exogenous) or by endogenous septic emboli in such diseases as bacterial endocarditis or meningococcemia.D009877C11.941.879.960.380EndophthalmitisEndoftalmitisSuppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye; not all layers of the uvea are affected. Fungi, necrosis of intraocular tumors, and retained intraocular foreign bodies often cause a purulent endophthalmitis.D010202C11.941.879.960.580PanophthalmitisOftalmie, pan-Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.D014607C11.941.879.980Uveomeningoencephalitic SyndromeSyndroom, uveomeningo-encefalitis-A syndrome characterized by bilateral granulomatous UVEITIS with IRITIS and secondary GLAUCOMA, premature ALOPECIA, symmetrical VITILIGO, poliosis circumscripta (a strand of depigmented hair), HEARING DISORDERS, and meningeal signs (neck stiffness and heaD014786C11.966Vision DisordersStoornis, visus-Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULD000550C11.966.073AmblyopiaAmblyopieA nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual iD001766C11.966.075BlindnessAmauroseThe inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.D020757C11.966.075.125Amaurosis FugaxAmaurosis fugaxTransient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by EMBOLI from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., PD019575C11.966.075.250Blindness, CorticalBlindheid, corticaleTotal loss of vision in all or part of the visual field due to bilateral OCCIPITAL LOBE (i.e., VISUAL CORTEX) damage or dysfunction. Anton syndrome is characterized by the psychic denial of true, organic cortical blindness. (Adams et al., Principles of NeD006423C11.966.075.500HemianopsiaHemianopsiePartial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refersD003117C11.966.256Color Vision DefectsDefect, kleurenzien-Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the OPSIN genes (on X CHROMOSOD004172C11.966.339DiplopiaDiplopieA visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVED009755C11.966.671Night BlindnessBlindheid, nacht-Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)D020795C11.966.741PhotophobiaFobie, foto-Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of EYE DISEASES; MIGRAINE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MENINGITIS; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with DEPRESSION and other MENTAL DISORDERS.D012607C11.966.811ScotomaScotoomA localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.D015354C11.966.905Vision, LowVisus, verminderdeVision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULD018630C11.975Vitreoretinopathy, ProliferativeVitreoretinopathie, proliferatieveVitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellularD020255C11.980Vitreous DetachmentLoslating, corpus-vitreum-Detachment of the corpus vitreum (VITREOUS BODY) from its normal attachments, especially the retina, due to shrinkage from degenerative or inflammatory conditions, trauma, myopia, or senility.